Melophorus — род муравьёв трибы Melophorini из подсемейства Formicinae (Formicidae). Эндемики Австралии.
Распространение Австралия.
Описание Обитатели пустынных и полупустынных территорий, напоминают своей дневной активностью, быстротой бега и стойкостью к жаре муравьёв-бегунков рода Cataglyphis (триба Formicini) Африки и Евразии. Экстремально термофильный вид Melophorus bagoti (красный медовый муравей) продолжает фуражировать при температуре в 50—70 градусовChristian, K. A., Morton, S. R. 1992. Extreme thermophila in a central Australian ant, Melophorus bagoti. Physiol. Zool. 5:885-905. Sudhakar Deeti, Ken Cheng; Learning walks in an Australian desert ant, Melophorus bagoti. J Exp Biol 15 August 2021; 224 (16): jeb242177. doi: https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.242177. Некоторые виды получили название медовых муравьёв, так как способны хранить запасы углеводов в расширенном брюшке специальной касты рабочих. Усики состоят из 12 члеников, нижнечелюстные щупики из 6, нижнегубные щупики из 4 члеников.
Обитают в полупустынях, саваннах и кустарниковых зарослях. Термофильные муравьи с дневной фуражировкой. В основном собирают мёртвых членистоногих. Среднее расстояние ухода от гнёзда 26 м (в диапазоне от 2 до 64 м).
Систематика Более 90 видов, в том числе: Melophorus aeneovirens Lowne, 1865 Melophorus ankylochaetes Heterick, Castalanelli & Shattuck, 2017 Melophorus anderseni Agosti, 1998Agosti, D. 1998 (1997). «Two new enigmatic Melophorus ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Australia.» J. N. Y. Entomol. Soc. 105: 161—169. Melophorus andersenioides Heterick, Castalanelli & Shattuck, 2017 Melophorus argus Heterick, Castalanelli & Shattuck, 2017 Melophorus attenuipes Heterick, Castalanelli & Shattuck, 2017 Melophorus bagoti Lubbock, 1883 — Melophorus barbellulatus Heterick, Castalanelli & Shattuck, 2017 Melophorus biroi Forel, 1907 = Melophorus marius Forel, 1910 Melophorus brevignathus Heterick, Castalanelli & Shattuck, 2017 Melophorus brevipalpus Heterick, Castalanelli & Shattuck, 2017 Melophorus bruneus McAreavey, 1949 Melophorus caeruleoviolaceus Heterick, Castalanelli & Shattuck, 2017 Melophorus canus Heterick, Castalanelli & Shattuck, 2017 Melophorus castaneus Heterick, Castalanelli & Shattuck, 2017 Melophorus cerasinoniger Heterick, Castalanelli & Shattuck, 2017 Melophorus chauliodon Heterick, Castalanelli & Shattuck, 2017 Melophorus chrysus Heterick, Castalanelli & Shattuck, 2017 Melophorus castanopus Heterick, Castalanelli & Shattuck, 2017 Melophorus clypeatus Heterick, Castalanelli & Shattuck, 2017 Melophorus compactus Heterick, Castalanelli & Shattuck, 2017 Melophorus constans Santschi, 1928 Melophorus cuneatus Heterick, Castalanelli & Shattuck, 2017 Melophorus curtus Forel, 1902 Melophorus dicyrtos Heterick, Castalanelli & Shattuck, 2017 Melophorus diversus Heterick, Castalanelli & Shattuck, 2017 Melophorus eumorphus Heterick, Castalanelli & Shattuck, 2017 Melophorus fieldi Forel, 1910 Melophorus fulgidus Heterick, Castalanelli & Shattuck, 2017 Melophorus fulvidus Heterick, Castalanelli & Shattuck, 2017 Melophorus fulvohirtus Clark, 1941 Melophorus gibbosus Heterick, Castalanelli & Shattuck, 2017 Melophorus gilliatensis Heterick, Castalanelli & Shattuck, 2017 Melophorus gracilipes Heterick, Castalanelli & Shattuck, 2017 Melophorus graciliceps Heterick, Castalanelli & Shattuck, 2017 Melophorus gracilis Heterick, Castalanelli & Shattuck, 2017 Melophorus griseus Heterick, Castalanelli & Shattuck, 2017 Melophorus hexidens Heterick, Castalanelli & Shattuck, 2017 Melophorus hirsutipes Heterick, Castalanelli & Shattuck, 2017 Melophorus hirsutus Forel, 1902 Melophorus incisus Heterick, Castalanelli & Shattuck, 2017 Melophorus inconspicuus Heterick, Castalanelli & Shattuck, 2017 Melophorus insularis Wheeler, W.M., 1934 Melophorus iridescens Emery, 1887 Melophorus isaiah Heterick, Castalanelli & Shattuck, 2017 Melophorus kuklos Heterick, Castalanelli & Shattuck, 2017 Melophorus lanuginosus Heterick, Castalanelli & Shattuck, 2017 Melophorus laticeps Wheeler, W.M., 1915 Melophorus latinotus Heterick, Castalanelli & Shattuck, 2017 Melophorus lissotriches Heterick, Castalanelli & Shattuck, 2017 Melophorus longiceps Heterick, Castalanelli & Shattuck, 2017 Melophorus longipes Heterick, Castalanelli & Shattuck, 2017 Melophorus ludius Forel, 1902 Melophorus macrops Heterick, Castalanelli & Shattuck, 2017 Melophorus macroschismus Heterick, Castalanelli & Shattuck, 2017 Melophorus majeri Agosti, 1998 Melophorus major Forel, 1915 Melophorus marmar Heterick, Castalanelli & Shattuck, 2017 Melophorus microreticulatus Heterick, Castalanelli & Shattuck, 2017 Melophorus microtriches Heterick, Castalanelli & Shattuck, 2017 Melophorus minimus Heterick, Castalanelli & Shattuck, 2017 Melophorus mjobergi Forel, 1915 Melophorus mullewaensis Heterick, Castalanelli & Shattuck, 2017 Melophorus nemophilus Heterick, Castalanelli & Shattuck, 2017 Melophorus oblongiceps Heterick, Castalanelli & Shattuck, 2017 Melophorus orthonotus Heterick, Castalanelli & Shattuck, 2017 Melophorus paramorphomenus Heterick, Castalanelli & Shattuck, 2017 Melophorus parvimolaris Heterick, Castalanelli & Shattuck, 2017 Melophorus pelecygnathus Heterick, Castalanelli & Shattuck, 2017 Melophorus pelorocephalus Heterick, Castalanelli & Shattuck, 2017 Melophorus perthensis Wheeler 1934 Melophorus platyceps Heterick, Castalanelli & Shattuck, 2017 Melophorus postlei Heterick, Castalanelli & Shattuck, 2017 Melophorus potteri McAreavey, 1947McAreavey, J. 1947. «New species of the genera Prolasius Forel and Melophorus Lubbock (Hymenoptera, Formicidae).» Mem. Natl. Mus. Vic. 15: 7-27. Melophorus praesens Heterick, Castalanelli & Shattuck, 2017 Melophorus prominens Heterick, Castalanelli & Shattuck, 2017 Melophorus propebiroi Heterick, Castalanelli & Shattuck, 2017 Melophorus purpureus Heterick, Castalanelli & Shattuck, 2017 Melophorus pusillus Heterick, Castalanelli & Shattuck, 2017 Melophorus quadratus Heterick, Castalanelli & Shattuck, 2017 Melophorus rufoniger Heterick, Castalanelli & Shattuck, 2017 Melophorus scipio Forel, 1915 (перенесён в род Prolasius) Melophorus sericothrix Heterick, Castalanelli & Shattuck, 2017 Melophorus setosus Heterick, Castalanelli & Shattuck, 2017 Melophorus solitudinis Heterick, Castalanelli & Shattuck, 2017 Melophorus subulipalpus Heterick, Castalanelli & Shattuck, 2017 Melophorus sulconotus Heterick, Castalanelli & Shattuck, 2017 Melophorus sulla Forel, 1910 Melophorus tenuis Heterick, Castalanelli & Shattuck, 2017 Melophorus teretinotus Heterick, Castalanelli & Shattuck, 2017 Melophorus translucens Heterick, Castalanelli & Shattuck, 2017 Melophorus turbineus Heterick, Castalanelli & Shattuck, 2017 Melophorus turneri Forel, 1910 = Melophorus pillipes Santschi, 1919 Melophorus vitreus Heterick, Castalanelli & Shattuck, 2017 Melophorus wheeleri Forel, 1910 = Melophorus omniparens Forel, 1915 Melophorus xouthos Heterick, Castalanelli & Shattuck, 2017
Примечания
Литература Brown, W. L., Jr. 1955. A revision of the Australian ant genus Notoncus Emery, with notes on the other genera of Melophorini. // Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 113:471-494. Cheng K., A. Narendra, S. Sommer, and R. Wehner. 2009. Traveling in clutter: navigation in the central Australian desert ant Melophorus bagoti. // Behavioural Processes, vol. 80, no. 3, pp. 261—268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beproc.2008.10.015 Deeti, S. and Cheng, K. (2021). Observations on relocation of a nest by a colony of red honey ants (Melophorus bagoti). Northern Territory Nat. 30, 100—107. Deeti, S., Fujii, K. and Cheng, K. (2020). The effect of spatially restricted experience on extrapolating learned views in desert ants, Melophorus bagoti. Anim. Cogn. 23, 1063—1070. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10071-020-01359-2 Freas, C. A. and Cheng, K. (2017). Learning and time-dependent cue choice in the desert ant, Melophorus bagoti. Ethology 123, 503—515. https://doi.org/10.1111/eth.12626 Freas, C. A., Whyte, C. and Cheng, K. (2017). Skyline retention and retroactive interference in the navigating Australian desert ant, Melophorus bagoti. J. Comp. Physiol. A 203, 353—367. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00359-017-1174-8 Kohler, M. and Wehner, R. (2005). Idiosyncratic route-based memories in desert ants, Melophorus bagoti: How do they interact with path-integration vectors? Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. 83, 1—12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nlm.2004.05.011 Muser B., S. Sommer, H. Wolf, and R. Wehner. 2005. Foraging ecology of the thermophilic Australian desert ant, Melophorus bagoti. // Australian Journal of Zoology, vol. 53, no. 5, pp. 301—311. https://doi.org/10.1071/ZO05023 Narendra A. , A. Si, D. Sulikowski, and K. Cheng. 2007. Learning, retention and coding of nest-associated visual cues by the Australian desert ant, Melophorus bagoti. // Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, vol. 61, no. 10, pp. 1543—1553, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-007-0386-2 Schultheiss, P. and Cheng, K. (2011). Finding the nest: inbound searching behaviour in the Australian desert ant, Melophorus bagoti. Anim. Behav. 81, 1031—1038. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2011.02.008
Ссылки Melophorus: память в пустыне и обзор рода. Melophorus bagoti — фотографии и описание.
Категория:Melophorus Категория:Насекомые Австралии Категория:Эндемики Австралии Категория:Роды муравьёв