thumb|Hupaindianer med fiskespyd. Etnografisk klassifikation af amerikas oprindelige folk i Nord-, Mellem- og Sydamerika er baseret på kulturelle områder, geografi og lingvistik. Antropologer har navngivet forskellige kulturelle områder, med flydende grænser, der er generelt accepteres med en vis variation. Disse kulturelle områder er stort set baserede på placeringen af Amerikas oprindelige folk fra den tidlige europæiske og afrikanske kontakt, der begynder i slutningen af det 15. århundrede. Når oprindelige folk er blevet tvangsfjernet af nationalstater, bevarer de deres oprindelige geografiske klassifikation. Nogle grupper spænde over flere kulturelle områder.
Klassifikation af oprindelige amerikanere i USA og Canada Etnografer opdeler normalt USA's og Canadas oprindelige befolkning i ti geografiske regioner, som har fælles kulturelle træk. Den følgende liste opdeler folkeslagene efter deres oprindelsessted, efterfulgt af deres nuværende sted. Regionerne er:
Arktisk Aleut Inuit Yupik
Subarktisk
Ahtna (Ahtena, Nabesna) Atikamekw Babine Bearlake Carrier Chipewyan Chilcotin Cree Degexit'an (Ingalik) Dogrib Han Hare Holikachuk Innu Kaska (Nahane) Kolchan (Upper Kuskowim) Koyukon Kutchin Mountain Naskapi Nishka Ojibwa Sekani Slavey (dialekter: Hay River, Simpson Providence, Liard, Fort Nelson) Tagish Tahltan Lower Tanana Middle Tanana Upper Tanana Tanacross Tanaina (dialekter: Outer Inlet, Upper Inlet, Iliama, Inland, Kachemak Bay, Kenai, Susitna River) Tasttine (bæver) Inland Tlingit Tsetsaut Tsimishian Northern Tutchone Southern Tutchone Wet'suweten Yellowknife
Californien
Achomawi (Pit River-indianere) Antoniaño Atsugewi Bear River Cahuilla Campo Chemehuevi Chukchansi Chumash (dialekter: Roseño, Purisimeño, Barbareño, Inezeño, Ventureño, Obispeño, Santa Paula, Cruzeño, Emigdiano Allilik) Chilula Chimariko Costanoan (dialekter: Ramaytush, San Jose, Juichen, Chocheño, Tamyen, Awaswas, Chalon, Mutsun, Rumsen) Cupeño Diegueño Esselen Fernandeño: se Tataviam Gabrieliño: se Tongva Giamina Huchnom Hupa Ipai Jamul Juaneño Kamia Karok Kato Kiliwa Kitanemuk Klamath Konomihu Konkow Kumeyaay (Diegueño) Lassik Luiseño Maidu Mattole Mesa Grande Migueleño Mission-indianerne Miwok (Me-wuk) Modoc Mohave Monache Nakipa Nisenan Nomlaki Nongatl Ohlone Paipai (Akwa'ala) Paiute Patwin Pomo Quechan Rumsen Salinan San Clemente San Nicolas Santa Catalina Serrano Shasta-stammen Sinkyone Tache Tachi-stammen Tataviam (Fernandeño) Tipai Tolowa Tongva (Gabrieliño) Tsnungwe Tubatulabal Wailaki Wappo Washoe Whilkut Wintu Wintun Wiyot Yahi Yana Yocha Dehe Yokuts Yuki Coast Yuki Yurok
Østlige skovområder
Accohannock Maryland Algonquian nedre Saint Lawrence River Algonquins Outaouais og Abitibi i Quebec Beothuk, tidligere Newfoundland, findes ikke længere Caniba Conoy Erie Etchemin Quebec (Maliseet) Fox Ho-Chunk Huron/Wyandot Ontario syd for Georgian Bay, nu Oklahoma og Wendake, Quebec Illinois (Illini) Illinois Iroquois New York Cayuga Mohawk Kahnawake, Quebec Oneida Onondaga Seneca Tuscarora Kickapoo Illinois, Missouri, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas Laurentian Lenni-Lenape Pennsylvania, Delaware, New Jersey, nu Oklahoma Loup A Loup B Maliseet Maine, Quebec og New Brunswick, Canada Mascouten Massachusett Massachusetts Menominee Miami Indiana, nu Oklahoma Mingo Pennsylvania, Ohio Mahican Mohegan Montauk New York Munsee Nanticoke Narragansett Rhode Island Natick Neutral Nipissing Nipmuc Massachusetts Ojibwe (Chippewa, Anishaabe) Michigan, Minnesota, Wisconsin, North Dakota, Montana) Oji-Cree Ottawa Paugusset Connecticut Passamaquoddy Maine Penobscot Maine Peoria Illinois, nu Oklahoma Pequot Petun Pocumtuk Poospatuck New York Potawatomi Michigan Powhatan Virginia Quiripi Ramapough Mountain Indians New Jersey Hopewell Ohio og Black River-området Sauk Saulteaux Secotan Shawnee Ohio, Pennsylvania [de fleste endte i Oklahoma] Shinnecock New York Souriquoian Susquahannock Tarrantine Tarranteen Abenaki Micmac Unalachtigo Unami Unquachog Wampanoag Massachusetts Wappinger Wawenoc Wea Wenro Wyandot/Huron Ontario syd for Georgian Bay, nu Oklahoma og Wendake, Quebec
Great Basin
Bannock Chemehuevi Gosiute Utah Kawaiisu Koso Mono Owen's Valley-stammen Northern Paiute Californien, Nevada, Oregon [Burns-Paiute], Arizona Southern Paiute (Kaibab) Panamint Paviotso Shoshone (Shoshoni) Nevada, Wyoming, Californien Wind River Shoshone Timbisha Ute Utah, Colorado Washo Nevada, Californien
Højdedrag Cayuse Oregon Celilo (Wayampam) Upper Chinookan (dialekter: Clackamas, Cascades, Hood River Wasco, Wishram Kathlamet, Wishram, Cathlamet, Multnomah, Columbian (dialetker Wenatchee, Sinkayuse, Chelan) Coeur d'Alene Teit James A.: The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus. Smithsonian Institution. 45th Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology. Washington, 1930. Pp. 23-396. Idaho Colville Washington Upper Cowlitz Flatbow Flathead Fountain John Day Kalispel Washington Kittitas Klamath Klikitat Washington Kootenai Idaho, Montana, British Columbia Lakes Lillooet Lower Snake (Chamnapam, Wauyukma, Naxiyampam) Modoc Molala (Molale) Oregon Nez Perce Idaho Nicola Okanagan (dialekter: Northern and Southern) Palus (Palouse) Pend'Oreilles Rock Creek Sahaptin Sanpoil Shuswap Spokane Washington Tenino Thompson Tygh Tygh Valley Umatilla Oregon Upper Nisqually (Mishalpan) Walla Walla Oregon Wanapum Wasco Oregon Yakima Washington
Nordvestkysten
Alsea Applegate Bella Bella Bella Coola Calapooia (se Kalapuya) Calapuya (se Kalapuya) Chasta Costa Chehalis (øvre og nedre) Washington Chemakum Washington Chetco Chilliwak Chinook (dialekter: Lower Chinook, Upper Chinook, Clackamas, Wasco) Chinook Jargon Clatsop Clatskanie (Tlatskanie) Comox Coos {Hanis} Oregon Lower Coquille (Miluk) Oregon Upper Coquille Cowichan Lower Cowlitz Washington Duwamish Washington Eyak Alaska Galice Haida (dialekter: Kaigani, Skidegate, Masset) Alaska Haihai Haisla Halkomelem Heiltsuk Hoh Washington North Kalapuya (dialekter: Yamhill or Yamel, Tualatin or Tfalati or Atfalati) Central Kalapuya (dialekter: Santiam, Mary's River, Lakmiut, Ahantchuyuk, Lower McKenzie eller Mohawk) South Kalapuya (Yonkalla or Yoncalla) Kimsquit Kitimat Klallam (Clallam, dialekter: Klallam (Lower Elwha), S'Klallam (Jamestown), S'Klallam (Port Gamble)) Klemtu Klickitat Koskimo Kwalhioqua Kwakiutl (Kwakwala eller Kwakwa'kwa'kw) Kwalhioqua Kwantlem Kwatami Lummi Washington Lushootseed Makah Washington Muckleshoot Washington Musqueam Nanaimo Niskwalli Nooksack Washington Nisqually Washington Pentlatch Puyallup Washington Quileute Washington Quinault Washington Rogue River eller Upper Illinois Oregon, California Saanich Samish Sauk-Suiattle Washington Sechelt Shoalwater Bay Tribe Washington Siletz Oregon Siuslaw Oregon Skagit Skokomish Washington Sliammon Snohomish Stó:lō Songish Sooke Squaxin Island-stammen Washington Spokane Washington Stillaguamish Washington Squamish Washington Swinomish Washington Tait Takelma Oregon Talio Tillamook (Nehalem) Oregon Tlatlasikoala Tlingit Alaska Tolowa-Tututni Tsimshian (dialekter: Hartley Bay, Prince Rupert, Gitando, Kitkatla) Tulalip Washington Twana Lower Umpqua Oregon Upper Umpqua Oregon Upper Skagit Washington Oowekyala Yaquina
Sletter
Aranama Arapaho Wiessler, Clark: ”Societies of the Plains Indians.” Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History. Vol. XI. New York, 1916. Wyoming, Oklahoma Arikara (også kendt som Arikaree eller Ree) North Dakota Assiniboine Hodge, Frederick Webb (Ed.): Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico. Part 1. Smithsonian Institution. Bureau of American Ethnology. Bulletin 30. Washington, 1907. (også kendt som Stoney og Stone Indians) Montana Fort Peck Indian Reservation hvor Assiniboine og Lakota (Sioux) bor Atsina (også kendt som Gros Ventre of the Prairies) Besawunena Blackfoot Montana/Alberta (grupper: Kainah eller Blood, Siksiki, Northern Peigan, Piegan eller Blackfeet) Brule Caddo Cheyenne Montana, South Dakota; Oklahoma Chickasaw Oklahoma Comanche Oklahoma CrowLowie, Robert H.: The Crow Indians. Lincoln and London. 1983. (Absaroka eller Apsáalooke) Montana, South Dakota, Wyoming Chippewa Cree Montana Plains creeMilloy, John S.: The Plains Cree: Trade, Diplomacy and War, 1790 to 1870. Winnipeg. 1988. Montana Dakota Gros ventre (se "atsina") Hasinai Hidatsa (også kendt som Gros Ventre of the Missouri) North Dakota Iowa (Ioway) Kansas, Nebraska, Oklahoma Karankawa Texas Kaw (Kansa) Oklahoma Kiowa Oklahoma Kitsai Lakota (Teton sioux) South Dakota, North Dakota, Nebraska Lipan Apache Mandan North Dakota Missouri-stammen (Missouria) Missouri Nawathinehena Oglala Sioux Plains Ojibwe Omaha Nebraska Mississaugas Osage Nation Oklahoma Otoe (staves også Oto) Oklahoma Ottawa Michigan; Oklahoma Pawnee (Dialects: South Bands, Skiri) Oklahoma Piegan Plains Apache Oklahoma Ponca Nebraska, Oklahoma Quapaw (Arkansas) Arkansas, Oklahoma Sarsi Santee Sauk (oprindeligt Great Lakes, nu Kansas, Oklahoma, Iowa Siksika Sioux (Lakota (teton-sioux), Dakota, Nakota) Minnesota, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming) Stoney (gammel betegnelse for Assiniboine) Tamique Teton Tonkawa Oklahoma Tsuu T’ina (Sarcee, Sarsi, Tsuut’ina) Wichita Oklahoma (Affiliated Tribes – Wichita, Waco, Tawakoni, Keechi) Wyandot Ontario, Michigan Yankton Yanktonai
Sydøst
Adai Ais Florida Akokisa Alabama Alabama Apalachee Florida Atakapa Bidai Biloxi Mississippi Caddo Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, Texas Calusa Florida Catawba South Carolina Chatot Chawasha Cherokee North Carolina; senere primært Oklahoma Chiaha Chickahominy Virginia Chickamauga Chickasaw Mississippi, South Carolina, North Carolina, senere Oklahoma Chitimacha Louisiana Choctaw Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama; senere Oklahoma Creek Alabama; Oklahoma, Georgia Coahuiltecan Texas Coushatta Louisiana Coharie North Carolina Cusabo Hitchiti Houma Louisiana Iswa Jeaga Florida Koasati Lumbee North Carolina Mattaponi Virginia Meherrin North Carolina Mikasuki Florida Mobile Mocama Monacan Virginia Nansemond Virginia Natchez Mississippi, Louisiana Nottoway Ofo Pamlico (Carolina) Pamunkey Virginia Pee Dee South Carolina, North Carolina Pensacola Rappahannock Virginia Saponi Seminole Florida; Oklahoma Taensa Tawasa Tekesta Florida Timucua (Utina) Florida Topachula Florida Tuscarora North Carolina, Virginia (senere Niagra Falls, NY) Tuskegee Tutelo Tunica Mississippi Waccamaw North Carolina, South Carolina Woccon Yamasee Yuchi
Sydvest
Acoma Ak Chin Arizona Apache Arizona, New Mexico, Oklahoma Chiricahua Apache Cochimi Baja California Cochiti Cocopa Arizona Halchidhoma Hano Hualapai Havasupai Arizona Hohokam Arizona Hopi Arizona Isleta Isleta del Sur Jemez Jicarilla Apache Jumano Karankawa Kavelchadhom Keres Laguna Los Luceros Maricopa Mescalero Apache Mohave Nambe Navaho Arizona, New Mexico Opata Pecos Pericu Baja California Picuris Pima Arizona Pima Bajo Piro Pueblo-stammen New Mexico Qahatika Quechan Arizona Sandia (Nafiat var navnet på Bernalillo-puebloerne) San Carlos San Felipe San Idelfonso San Juan Santa Ana Santa Clara Santo Domingo Seri Suma Taos Tesuque Tewa Tigua Toboso Tohono O'odham (Papago) Arizona Northern Tonto Southern Tonto Waicuri (Guaicura) Baja California Walapai Western Apache White Mountain Yavapai, se Yavapai-Apache Nation, Yavapai-Prescott-stammen Arizona Yuma (Quechan) Zia Zuni
Klassifikation af oprindelige amerikanere i Mellem- og Sydamerika