De Grand, Alexander. Italian Fascism: Its Origins and Development. U of Nebraska Press. strona 147 „Nationalism, statism, and authoritarianism culminated in the cult of the Duce. Finally, collectivism was important...Despite general agreement on these four themes, it was hard to formulate a definition of fascism...”.Griffin, Roger. 1991. The Nature of Fascism. New York: St. Martin’s Press. strona 26: „Fascism is a genus of political ideology whose mythic core in its various permutations is a palingenetic form of populist ultra-nationalism”.Nolte, Ernst The Three Faces Of Fascism: Action Française, Italian Fascism National Socialism, translated from the German by Leila Vennewitz, London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1965.Eatwell, Roger. 1996.Fascism: A History. New York: Allen Lane.. Każdy ruch faszystowski musi być nacjonalistyczny. Nacjonalizm jest zasadniczą cechą doktryny. Niekiedy nawet definiowano faszyzm jako „wyolbrzymiony nacjonalizm”S. Rudnicki, Falanga, 2018, s. 342..